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To gain an accurate view of medieval Judaism, one must look through the eyes of Jews and their contemporaries. First published in 1938, Jacob Rader Marcus’s classic source book on medieval Judaism provides the documents and historical narratives which let the actors and witnesses of events speak for themselves.
The medieval epoch in Jewish history begins around the year 315, when the emperor Constantine began enacting disabling laws against the Jews, rendering them second-class citizens. In the centuries following, Jews enjoyed (or suffered under) legislation, either chosen or forced by the state, which differed from the laws for the Christian and Muslim masses. Most states saw the Jews as simply a tolerated group, even when given favorable privileges. The masses often disliked them. Medieval Jewish history presents a picture wherein large patches are characterized by political and social disabilities. Marcus closes the medieval Jewish age (for Western Jewry) in 1791 with the proclamation of political and civil emancipation in France.
The 137 sources included in the anthology include historical narratives, codes, legal opinions, martyrologies, memoirs, polemics, epitaphs, advertisements, folk-tales, ethical and pedagogical writings, book prefaces and colophons, commentaries, and communal statutes. These documents are organized in three sections: The first treats the relation of the State to the Jew and reflects the civil and political status of the Jew in the medieval setting. The second deals with the profound influence exerted by the Catholic and Protestant churches on Jewish life and well-being. The final section presents a study of the Jew “at home,” with four sub-divisions with treat the life of the medieval Jew in its various aspects. Marcus presents the texts themselves, introductions, and lucid notes. Marc Saperstein offers a new introduction and updated bibliography.
- Sales Rank: #3133843 in Books
- Published on: 2012-06-30
- Original language: English
- Number of items: 1
- Dimensions: 9.02" h x 1.07" w x 5.98" l, 1.54 pounds
- Binding: Paperback
- 530 pages
From the Publisher
First published in 1938, Jacob Rader Marcus's classic source book presents 137 documents that deal with individual Jews and the Jewish community during the Jewish Middle Ages. "The Jew in the Medieval World" is unique for its sweeping view of Jewish historical experience from late antiquity until modern times, with introductions and annotations that make those sources accessible to the general reader. For this new edition, Marc Saperstein has updated Marcus's ninety-six bibliographies, providing references to the most recent scholarly research on each topic. In his cogent introduction, Saperstein analyzes and evaluates Marcus's decision regarding periodization, organization, and inclusion. In so doing, he offers valuable insights about the implications of those decisions for our own understanding of Jewish history.
About the Author
Jacob Rader Marcus served as Adolph S. Ochs Professor of American Jewish History and Milton and Hattie Kutz Distinguished Service Chair in American Jewish History at HUC-JIR, Cincinnati and founded the American Jewish Archives.
Most helpful customer reviews
21 of 22 people found the following review helpful.
amazing
By Michael Lewyn
This amazing book has 96 primary sources - excerpts from books and essays by and about pre-emancipation Jews, discussing topics as varied as Christian and Muslim oppression of Jews, Jewish religious law, Jewish false messiahs, and Jewish education.
Some of the more interesting things I learned:
*That Christian oppression of Jews began almost as soon as Christians took over the Roman Empire. Just a few years after Constantine (Rome's first Christian emperor) took power, he issued relatively mild decrees against Jews converting or intermarrying Christians. A Jew who converted and circumcised a non-Jewish slave could be subject to capital punishment. A century later, Theodosius actually prohibited Jews from erecting new synagogues.
On the other hand, as late as the 1750s Frederick II of Prussia prohibited Jews from establishing private synagogues, and sought to regulate exactly which prayers Jews could engage in.
*Just as Jews sought to distance themselves from Christians, Christians did the same. A 300 Spanish church council prohibited Christians from eating with Jews. And in 325, the Council of Nicaea changed the date of Easter to ensure that Easter's dating was not dependent on the dating of the Jewish Passover. (Some early Christian communities, by contrast, celebrated Easter on the first night of Passover).
*The sheer diversity of Jewish customs over the centuries. Some Jews today think that the most distinctively dressed groups (such as the Hasidim) are the most "traditional" or "authentic" Jews. But a 1748 essay describing Shearith Israel (a still-prospering New York synagogue) writes that "Both men and women were dressed entirely in the English fashion; the former had all of them their hats on." (I visited Shearith Israel a few years ago, and today, hats are still more popular than in other shuls!) . Another essay describes Shabbat dinner in Alexandria, Egypt in the 15th century: Jews drank cups of wine, alternating with fruit, and did not start eating meat, etc. until they had drained six or seven cups!
*In the past as today, Jews struggled with observance, especially while traveling. From a 1748 description of New York Jews: "They commonly eat no pork; yet I have been told by several men of credit, that many of them (especially among the young Jews) when traveling, did not make the least difficulty about eating this, or any other meat that was put before them..."
*The amount of internal self-government in some Jewish communities. In 1637, the Jewish leadership of Lithuania held that in order to prevent Jews from overspending on marriages and other festive occasions, a local rabbi should "consider the number of guests which it is suitable for every individual, in view of his wealth and the occasion, to invite to a festive meal."
*The backwardness of a few Jewish communities. For example, the memoirs of Solomon Maimon describes his elementary school in Mirz, Poland as follows: "[His teacher] was the terror of all young people, `the scourge of God'; he treated those in his charge with unheard of cruelty, flogged them till the blood came, even for the slightest offense ... When the parents of these unfortunates came to him, and took him to task, he struck them with stones and whatever else came to hand, and drove them with his stick out of the house . . . All under his discipline became either blockheads or good scholars." Of course, the book contains an ample selection of essays about Jewish leaders who ensured that better contains prevailed.
4 of 4 people found the following review helpful.
Good source of sources!
By Somar
A good source of information about Jewish communities and individual Jews and their relationship with Christians and Muslims during the Middle Ages. The documents and original sources quoted constitute a rich entry to bast world of knowledge for the scholar and the neophyte alike.
1 of 1 people found the following review helpful.
The Best Sourcebook!
By VA 6
I haven't read a lot of Sourcebooks, but this is the best I've read on any subject. A True classic and an absolute requirement for anyone studying Judaism in the Middle Ages.
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